AEM・PEM最新評価技術：劣化メカニズムを解明し耐久性を向上させる手法を徹底解説

import React from 'react';
import { BarChart, Bar, XAxis, YAxis, CartesianGrid, Tooltip, Legend, ResponsiveContainer, Cell } from 'recharts';

const QuantitativeAnalysisReport = () => {

  const pemAstData = [
    {
      testName: '起動/停止 加速劣化試験 (SU-AST)',
      target: 'PEMFCカソード触媒層',
      protocol: {
        description: 'H2|Airフロント伝播を模した電位サイクル',
        conditions: [
          { label: '最大電位 (E_front)', value: '1.6 V' },
          { label: '曝露時間 (t_front)', value: '1.5 秒' },
          { label: 'サイクル数', value: '100 回' },
        ],
      },
      results: [
        { metric: 'ECSA損失率', value: -0.63, unit: '%/サイクル' },
        { metric: '電圧低下率 (1.2 A/cm²)', value: -0.86, unit: 'mV/サイクル' },
        { metric: 'CO₂/CO排出', value: '観測', unit: '' },
      ],
      source: 'https://hal.science/hal-04911784/document',
    },
    {
      testName: 'アノード触媒 加速劣化試験',
      target: 'PEMWEアノード触媒',
      protocol: {
        description: '電圧サイクルと電流サイクルによる安定性評価',
        conditions: [
          { label: '電圧サイクル', value: '1.75V ⇔ OCV' },
          { label: 'サイクル数', value: '15,000 回' },
          { label: '温度', value: '80 ℃' },
          { label: '電流サイクル', value: '0.1 ⇔ 1 A/cm²' },
          { label: '試験時間', value: '100 時間' },
        ],
      },
      results: [
        { metric: '性能低下', value: '観測', unit: '' },
        { metric: 'ECSA損失', value: '観測', unit: '' },
        { metric: 'Ir溶出', value: '定量的', unit: 'µg/cm²' },
      ],
      source: 'https://hal.science/hal-04755619/document',
    },
    {
      testName: '膜 加速劣化試験 (Fenton試験)',
      target: 'PEMWE膜',
      protocol: {
        description: 'Ex-situでの化学的安定性評価',
        conditions: [
          { label: '試薬', value: 'H₂O₂ + Fe²⁺ 溶液' },
          { label: '目的', value: 'ラジカル攻撃の模倣' },
        ],
      },
      results: [
        { metric: 'フッ素放出率 (FRR)', value: '上昇', unit: '' },
        { metric: '膜薄化', value: '観測', unit: '' },
        { metric: '機械的特性', value: '低下', unit: '' },
      ],
      source: 'https://hal.science/hal-04755619/document',
    },
  ];

  const aemAnalysisData = [
    {
      method: 'Operandoラマン分光法',
      target: 'AEMWE イオノマー/膜',
      protocol: {
        description: 'カスタムセル(E-Para Cell)を用いた運転中分析',
        conditions: [
          { label: '印加電位', value: '1.9 V, 2.2 V' },
          { label: '電解液', value: '0.2 M K₂CO₃' },
          { label: '運転時間', value: '260 時間' },
        ],
      },
      results: [
        { metric: '膜厚変化', value: -62, unit: '%', details: '23.85 µm → 9.07 µm' },
        { metric: '分解物', value: 'カルボン酸など', unit: '検出' },
      ],
      source: 'https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.4c05721',
    },
    {
      method: 'インピーダンス分光法遺伝的プログラミング (ISGP)',
      target: 'AEMWE セル全体',
      protocol: {
        description: '性能損失要因の分離・定量化',
        conditions: [
          { label: '温度', value: '50 - 80 ℃' },
          { label: 'KOH濃度', value: '0 M (純水) vs 0.1 M' },
        ],
      },
      results: [
        {
          metric: 'イオン輸送抵抗増加率',
          value: 4378,
          unit: '%',
          details: '48.7 mΩ (0.1M) → 2.18 Ω (純水)',
        },
      ],
      source: 'https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acselectrochem.4c00156',
    },
  ];

  const chartDataSUAST = [
    { name: 'ECSA損失率', value: -0.63, fill: '#ef4444' },
    { name: '電圧低下率', value: -0.86, fill: '#3b82f6' },
  ];

  const chartDataISGP = [
    { name: '0.1 M KOH', resistance: 48.7, unit: 'mΩ' },
    { name: '純水', resistance: 2180, unit: 'mΩ' },
  ];

  const Section = ({ title, children }) => (
    <section className="mb-12 bg-white p-6 rounded-2xl shadow-lg">
      <h2 className="text-2xl md:text-3xl font-bold text-gray-800 mb-6 border-l-4 border-indigo-500 pl-4">{title}</h2>
      {children}
    </section>
  );

  const ProtocolCard = ({ protocol }) => (
    <div className="bg-gray-50 p-4 rounded-lg border border-gray-200 mt-2">
      <p className="text-sm font-semibold text-gray-700 mb-2">{protocol.description}</p>
      <div className="grid grid-cols-2 sm:grid-cols-3 md:grid-cols-4 gap-2 text-xs">
        {protocol.conditions.map((cond, i) => (
          <div key={i} className="bg-white p-2 rounded-md shadow-sm">
            <p className="font-bold text-gray-600">{cond.label}</p>
            <p className="text-indigo-600 font-mono">{cond.value}</p>
          </div>
        ))}
      </div>
    </div>
  );

  const ResultItem = ({ result }) => (
    <div className="p-3 bg-white rounded-lg shadow-sm border text-center">
      <p className="text-sm text-gray-600 font-semibold">{result.metric}</p>
      {typeof result.value === 'number' ? (
        <p className={`text-2xl font-bold ${result.value < 0 ? 'text-red-500' : 'text-green-600'}`}>
          {result.value.toLocaleString()}<span className="text-sm font-normal text-gray-500 ml-1">{result.unit}</span>
        </p>
      ) : (
        <p className="text-xl font-bold text-blue-600">{result.value}<span className="text-sm font-normal text-gray-500 ml-1">{result.unit}</span></p>
      )}
       {result.details && <p className="text-xs text-gray-500 mt-1">{result.details}</p>}
    </div>
  );

  return (
    <div className="min-h-screen bg-gray-50 font-sans p-4 sm:p-6 md:p-8">
      <div className="max-w-7xl mx-auto">
        <header className="text-center mb-12">
          <h1 className="text-4xl md:text-5xl font-extrabold text-gray-900 mb-3">PEM/AEM分析技術 定量的レポート</h1>
          <p className="text-lg text-gray-600">文献に基づく測定条件と結果の体系的整理</p>
        </header>

        <Section title="PEM: 加速劣化試験 (AST) による定量的評価">
          <div className="space-y-8">
            {pemAstData.map((item, index) => (
              <div key={index} className="bg-white p-5 rounded-xl border border-gray-200">
                <h3 className="font-bold text-lg text-indigo-700">{item.testName} <span className="text-sm font-normal text-gray-500">({item.target})</span></h3>
                <ProtocolCard protocol={item.protocol} />
                <div className="mt-4 grid grid-cols-1 sm:grid-cols-3 gap-4">
                   {item.results.map((res, i) => <ResultItem key={i} result={res} />)}
                </div>
                <div className="text-right mt-3">
                    <a href={item.source} target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" className="text-xs text-blue-600 hover:underline">出典</a>
                </div>
              </div>
            ))}
            <div className="bg-white p-5 rounded-xl border border-gray-200">
              <h4 className="font-bold text-md text-gray-700 mb-2">SU-AST 基準ケースにおける劣化率</h4>
              <div style={{ width: '100%', height: 250 }}>
                <ResponsiveContainer>
                   <BarChart data={chartDataSUAST} margin={{ top: 20, right: 20, left: 10, bottom: 5 }}>
                    <CartesianGrid strokeDasharray="3 3" />
                    <XAxis dataKey="name" />
                    <YAxis label={{ value: '変化率 (%/サイクル, mV/サイクル)', angle: -90, position: 'insideLeft', offset: 0 }} />
                    <Tooltip formatter={(value, name) => [`${value.toFixed(2)}`, name]} />
                    <Bar dataKey="value" name="劣化率">
                      {chartDataSUAST.map((entry, index) => (
                        <Cell key={`cell-${index}`} fill={entry.fill} />
                      ))}
                    </Bar>
                  </BarChart>
                </ResponsiveContainer>
              </div>
               <p className="text-xs text-center text-gray-500 mt-2">ECSA損失率と電圧低下率を比較したグラフ。出典: <a href="https://hal.science/hal-04911784/document" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" className="text-blue-600 hover:underline">HAL-04911784</a></p>
            </div>
          </div>
        </Section>

        <Section title="AEM: 先進分析手法による定量的評価">
          <div className="space-y-8">
            {aemAnalysisData.map((item, index) => (
               <div key={index} className="bg-white p-5 rounded-xl border border-gray-200">
                <h3 className="font-bold text-lg text-indigo-700">{item.method} <span className="text-sm font-normal text-gray-500">({item.target})</span></h3>
                <ProtocolCard protocol={item.protocol} />
                <div className="mt-4 grid grid-cols-1 sm:grid-cols-3 gap-4">
                   {item.results.map((res, i) => <ResultItem key={i} result={res} />)}
                </div>
                 <div className="text-right mt-3">
                    <a href={item.source} target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" className="text-xs text-blue-600 hover:underline">出典</a>
                </div>
              </div>
            ))}
             <div className="bg-white p-5 rounded-xl border border-gray-200">
              <h4 className="font-bold text-md text-gray-700 mb-2">ISGP法によるイオン輸送抵抗の比較 (KOH濃度依存性)</h4>
              <div style={{ width: '100%', height: 250 }}>
                <ResponsiveContainer>
                   <BarChart data={chartDataISGP} margin={{ top: 20, right: 20, left: 20, bottom: 5 }}>
                    <CartesianGrid strokeDasharray="3 3" />
                    <XAxis dataKey="name" />
                    <YAxis yAxisId="left" orientation="left" stroke="#8884d8" label={{ value: '抵抗 (mΩ)', angle: -90, position: 'insideLeft' }}/>
                    <Tooltip formatter={(value, name) => [`${value.toLocaleString()} mΩ`, name]} />
                    <Legend />
                    <Bar yAxisId="left" dataKey="resistance" fill="#8884d8" name="イオン輸送抵抗" />
                  </BarChart>
                </ResponsiveContainer>
              </div>
                <p className="text-xs text-center text-gray-500 mt-2">純水供給時と0.1M KOH供給時のイオン輸送抵抗の劇的な差を示す。出典: <a href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acselectrochem.4c00156" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" className="text-blue-600 hover:underline">ACS Electrochemistry</a></p>
            </div>
          </div>
        </Section>

        <footer className="text-center mt-16 text-sm text-gray-500">
          <p>本レポートは提供された文献情報に基づき、AEMおよびPEMの特性評価に関する定量的データを整理・可視化したものです。</p>
        </footer>
      </div>
    </div>
  );
};

export default QuantitativeAnalysisReport;